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The Great Temple at Abu Simbel was built in the 13th century B.C. by Ramses II. Twice a year, the sun illuminates the interior of this temple, shining down the 60 m long corridor and illuminating a set of statues carved into the rock wall at the very back of the temple. Determining the exact dates of illumination is difficult because access to Abu Simbel is restricted, the temple has been relocated, and eyewitness accounts prior to the move are rare, however, Jan van der Haagen took detailed recordings in 1959 and from his diagram, the complete range of dates can be re-established. This article presents the hypothesis that the dates of illumination were designed to coincide with the khoiak festival in its correct place in the natural year. Many have argued that the civil calendar governed the timing of festivals, however, this calendar wandered from the true seasons at the rate of one day every four years. I hope to demonstrate that it was impossible for khoiak’s placement in the year to wander from the natural seasons with the calendar or else famine would have resulted, and that the illuminations at the Great Temple preserved khoiak in its correct placement in the solar year when the calendar could not be relied upon to do so.